Nanomineralogy is the study of Earth and planetary materials at nanoscales,focused on characterizing nanofeatures（such as inclusions,exsolution,zonation,coatings,pores） in minerals and rocks,and revealing nanominerals and nanoparticles.With advanced high-resolution analytical scanning electron microscope（FE-SEM with EDS and EBSD）,we are now capable to characterize solid materials easier and faster down to nanoscales.Nanofeatures are being identified in many common minerals and gemstones,which cause color and other optical effects,and provide clues to genesis.New minerals and new materials with important geological significance are being discovered at micron to nanoscales.During our ongoing nanomineralogy investigation of Earth and planetary materials since 2005,45 new minerals have been discovered.Nineteen are from the Allende meteorite,including eleven refractory minerals like allendeite,tistarite,panguite,kangite,and kaitianite,which are among the first solids formed in our solar system.To date,～65 refractory minerals plus about 15 presolar minerals mark the very beginning of the solar mineral evolution at 4.568 billion years ago.Ten new high-pressure minerals discovered in shocked meteorites include bridgmanite（MgSiO3-perovskite,the most abundant mineral in Earth）,ahrensite（Fe2SiO4-spinel）,tissintite（Ca,Na）AlSi2O6-clinopyroxene,and liebermannite（KAlSi3O8-hollandite）.Each of the new extraterrestrial minerals reveals distinctive forming environments,providing insights into nebula,parent-body processes,or impact processes on small bodies in the early solar system or on Mars.New high-pressure minerals also help investigations of phase transformation mechanisms in the deep Earth.Presented here are a few colorful gemstone projects and some discovery stories of new minerals,demonstrating how nanomineralogy works and plays a unique role in Earth and planetary sciences research.
类型: 国际会议
作者: MA Chi
来源: 中国国际珠宝首饰学术交流会（2019） 2019-11-13
年度: 2019
分类: 基础科学,工程科技Ⅰ辑
专业: 地质学,材料科学,矿业工程
单位: 加州理工大学地质和行星系
分类号: P619.28;TB383.1
DOI: 10.26914/c.cnkihy.2019.013605
页码: 383
总页数: 1
文件大小: 64k
下载量: 13
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